[BonnyMiss]

Fusion:-A music genre is a category (or genre) of pieces of music that share a certain style or "basic musical language" (Peter van der Merwe 1989, p.3). Music may also be categorized by non-musical criteria such as geographical origin, though a single geographical category will normally include a wide variety of sub-genres. A music genre (or subgenre) could be defined by the techniques, the styles, the context and the themes.



In the West, nearly all music except Traditional music has a fusional origin.

A fusion genre is a music genre that combines two or more genres. For example, rock and roll originally developed as a fusion of blues, gospel and country music. The main characteristics of fusion genres are variations in tempo, rhythm and sometimes the use of long musical "journeys" that can be divided into smaller parts, each with their own dynamics, style and tempo.

Artists who work in fusion genres are often difficult to categorize within non-fusion styles. Most styles of fusion music are influenced by various musical genres. While there are many reasons for this, the main reason is that most genres evolved out of other genres. When the new genre finally identifies itself as separate, there is often a large gray area in which musicians are left. These artists generally consider themselves part of both genres. A musician who plays music that is dominantly blues, influenced by rock, is often labeled a blues-rock musician. The first genre is the one from which the new one evolved. The second genre is the newer and less-dominant genre in the artist's playing. An example of a blues-rock group would be Stevie Ray Vaughan and Double Trouble. Vaughan, a Texas blues guitarist, surrounded by a world in which rock was dominating music, used rock and blues together.

One new fusion genre evolved slightly differently; instead of being stuck between an older genre and a newer genre, Metalcore has bridged the gap between the two older genres of heavy metal and hardcore punk.



Has anyone noticed the difference in musical tastes we are now exposed to ? I have a teen age daughter who thinks it is uncool for me to be singing along to The Black Eyed Peas' version of Mas Que Nada( I'm too old she tells me) Well, I had some news for her,I sat her down and showed her the original video of Sergio Mendes and his Brazil66 performing Mas Que Nada. Music has truly become the language understood by all; and it does not matter what language you speak as your mother tongue, we all understand the logistics of that one international language that is called .......... music.My listening pleasure is constantly being entertained by a veritable feast of music from around the world brought to me via various mediums. I like nothing better than relaxing with a good bottle of wine, loading up my vcr or my cd player,sitting back and losing myself in the rich tones of a cacophony of instruments carefully put together for my lsitening pleasure and entertainment.I would love to hear from others in this forum about their take on this type of music, and maybe share some of your own favorite Fusion sounds.



I would like share some of the music I listen to on vinly and digital re-mixed ( when possible) of the types of music I call Fusion
I found to my great delight some of my favorites on youtube,and would like to start this fest off with none other than Sergio Mendes, seems this guy has been around for ever and I was happy to see that his music was recently revived by The Black Eyed Peas. As a native South American I had the pleasure and delight of growing up listening to Sergio who, I am sure had a great influence on my appitite for all things Salsa, Merenge and Bossanova.
Sergio Mendes -Mas Que Nada
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5fX0zx9dF6A

Sergio continues to influence so many in their musical careers, here, he teams up with Erykah Badu, and William.I.Am.I can hear the soul/Samba/Hip-Hop/jazz combination in this number.True fusion.
That Heat.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rQzwnVunSkQ
Here's a nice little number of jazz and samba ,see what happens when you mix the flavours? Jazz drums-Brazilian style, Samba.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8huOWvG78Nw

I am bemused whenever my daughter plays me something "new" and it turns out to be new words "recited" over an old track. Take Will Smith's Men in Black................Patrice Rushen's Forget me not or up coming newbie on the block Rhianna, her SOS has a sample of Soft Cell's Tainted Love, a Fusion of hip hop with new romantics.

Rhianna - SOS
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vblrg4LSShM&mode=related&search=

It is interesting to watch the flower of Fusion unfold, take Paul Simon for example, he enlisted the help of Ladysmith Black Mombazo to produce what was one of the hottest and biggest sale of Fusion music across different generations and cultures. I was lucky enough to have met the members of Ladysmith Black Mombazo and still proudly have the photograps I had taken with them on their tour bus Their dancing was phenominal, carried out with perfect precision. During my chat with them I found out that only a few members of the group were outsiders.They were all related by blood, fathers, brothers, nephews and cousins.The traditional music sung by Ladysmith Black Mambazo is called ISICATHAMIYA (Is-Cot-A-Me-Ya). The name LADYSMITH BLACK MAMBAZO came about as a result of winning every singing competition in which the group entered. "Ladysmith" is the hometown of the Shabalala family; "Black" references the black oxen, considered to be the strongest on the farm. The Zulu word "Mambazo" refers to an ax - symbolic of the group's ability to "chop down" the competition.

Ladysmith Black Mombazo
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O6Hnfu76QIs



Fusion of Asian and Western music goes a long way back,but was made more popular in the sixties by the likes of the Beatles on their quest for "inner peace". I am sure that those of us old enough remember their search, remember their marriage with Ravi Shankar( father of Nora Jones and Anoushka Shankar)
The Beatles - Inner light (performed by Jeff Lynne)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xxr2R-zHNXw&mode=related&search=


Bhangra is a lively form of dance that originated in the Punjab region in Himalayan Subcontinent, ¨which is a continent unto itself¨(Professor Huang). There is a misconception that the popular music genre which originated in the UK is related to the folk dance of the same name. Bhangra, in the traditional sense, is a folk dance and not a music form. While Bhangra began as a part of harvest and Vaisakhi festival celebrations, it found its way to the performance stage after the division of Punjab in 1947 A.D.

During the last thirty years, a new genre of music was created in the U.K. which fused Punjabi lyrics and percussion with Western instrumentation. This new genre of music was termed "Bhangra" as well. Bhangra music has enjoyed a surge in popularity worldwide, both in traditional form and as a fusion with genres such as hip-hop, house, and reggae. As Bhangra music continues to move into mainstream culture, an understanding of its history and tradition helps to appreciate it.Bhangra is a fusion of music, singing and the beat of the dhol drum, a single stringed instrument called the iktar (ektara), the tumbi and an instrument reminiscent of an enlarged pair of tongs called chimta. The accompanying songs are small couplets written in the Punjabi language called bolis. They relate to harvest celebration, love, patriotism or current social issues. The dhol's smaller cousin, the dholki, is sometimes used instead of or in addition to the dhol. Additional percussion, including tabla, is frequently used in bhangra.
Here's the theme tune from the tv show Knight Rider as you may or may not have heard it before...............are you dancing yet ?

Panjabi MC - Mundian To Bach Ke (Knight Rider Remix)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6CJjAuKDnQM

Here's reggae meeting Bhangra.
BHANGRA INC. EAST MEETS WEST
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pp_ON8ceHAw

I had to include this comic clip of gwen Stefani's Holla Back Girl .

curry and rice girl
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jwVslAo8Cz8

I hope that you like some of my Fusion selection, I have quite a lot more to add;but in the meanwhile I would love for you to share yours.



Bonny
_________________
Tears that I shed are the trail to bring you home.

[Matt Marquardt]

Hi Bonny,

Very interesting post. Your knowledge of the genres is impressive. I am personally amazed at the numer of sub-genres there are, within the various genres today. While there are many different musical styles that I appreciate, my favorite genre is "Metal", and I rarely stray from it. One would think this would get boring after a while, but there are so many sub-genres within this basic category, that I'm constantly discovering new music!

I also liked your comment about nearly all music (except traditional styles) being a form of fusion. That's an interesting point. Although when referring to the marriage of two closely related, contemporary styles, such as the "Metal Core" you mentioned, I tend to use the term sub-genre, rather than fusion.

When it comes to the fusion of traditional, and contemporary styles, One favorite from my high school years (mid-eighties), is Yngwie (pronounced ing-vay) Malmsteen. This Swedish artist fused Classical, with heavy metal, to create a very unique sound. Some of my favorite bands today continue to combine these two styles to varying degrees, but Yngwie was one of the very first to do it. Especially to the degree that he did. Because of the heavy classical elements, his music was often referred to as neo-classical.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iPtLcfkrPIE

Another favorite from the early nineties is Extreme. While better known for their ballads, such as "more than words", the majority of their music was a fusion of funk, and metal. This also made for a very unique sound within the metal genre.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2MMkd8l_dEw

Please consider the time period, when noticing the rediculous attire in these videos.
_________________
Matt Marquardt

[BonnyMiss]

Hello Matt,

Thank you for your comments and thank you for introducing me to Yngwie.....................I now have a small collection. I need to explore this some more. I hope that you will also be adding some more of your "gems" to this thread. Once again,thank you so much. Regards.

Bonny
_________________
Tears that I shed are the trail to bring you home.

[chipdivot]

Hi Bonny,

Jethro Tull also brought some classical music to Rock & Roll...can't think of the songs at the moment...but they did some very different songs compared to what was being played on the radio at the time.

Sting is another that doesn't stick to one "sound" for his music...Rock to Jazz to his new CD...I have only listened to it a couple of times but haven't really liked it. Sometimes I put a new CD into the rotation in the truck so I get to hear it more often...so it doesn't just get lost on the shelf.

The Good, Bad, and the Queen is another new CD I bought...I saw them on one of the latenight talk shows and loved the song they played. I didn't hear the song title and not sure which one it is but they are different...sometimes I hear Moody Blues influences...another different group from the norm of their era.
_________________
Chipdivot

[BonnyMiss]

Hi Chipdivot,

Thanks to you also for introducing some great stuff. And; yes, Sting can be as diverse as they come................but I do love him.Jethro Tull, now there's a force to do battle with, *memories of Aqualung being played on very large speakers in a field in the summer of 1981 floods my mind* Keep tuned in to this thread, and keep your hidden treasures coming.




Love,Bonny
_________________
Tears that I shed are the trail to bring you home.

[BonnyMiss]

Hello TuneLand,

I seemed to have neglected my journey into FUSION just a tad busy, making the most of the yet-to-come sunnier days,so many outside jobs needs seeing to.






As I've mentioned before, I grew up in a country steeped in music that combined a mixture of beats, rhythm, and to some who have never heard of Calypso very strange lyrics. Music was used in a number of ways by the six nations that made up the population of Guyana. It was overall a celebration of any occasion be it pre wedding parties (Quek,Quek..... snippets of Africa) which could last up to a week before the wedding, the celebration of the birth of a baby,worshiping in church, or a wake ( traditional Irish mixed with Creole ....... remnants of slavery days)or as an accompaniment for field workers, But; the end result of all of the varieties and genres of music pointed in the same direction........................."A united language"







Let me take you back to the definition of FUSION. A fusion genre is a music genre that combines two or more genres. For example, rock and roll originally developed as a fusion of blues, gospel and country music. The main characteristics of fusion genres are variations in tempo, rhythm and sometimes the use of long musical "journeys" that can be divided into smaller parts, each with their own dynamics, style and tempo.

There are a number of criteria with which one may classify musical genres which includes:
* The Art/Popular/Traditional distinction
* Regional and national distinctions
* Fusional origins

* Art music, also known as "serious music," primarily refers to classical music, including European classical music, Contemporary classical music, or others listed at List of classical music styles (including non-European classical music). Art music also includes some forms of Jazz, Electronic art music, and Experimental music (including Minimalist music).


* Popular music
Main article: Popular music
Popular music (not to be confused with Pop music) is music belonging to any of a number of musical styles that are accessible to the general public and are disseminated by one or more of the mass media.


* Traditional music
Traditional music is the modern name for what used to be called "Folk music", before the term "Folk music" was expanded to include a lot of non-traditional material. The defining characteristics of traditional music are that it is:

Aurally transmitted: The music is passed down aurally; this is not universal, but there must be a strong tradition of aural transmission
Culturally particular: The music derives from, or is related to, a particular region or culture

* Regional and national music
It is possible to categorize music geographically. For example, the term "Australian music" could include Australian rock music, Australian traditional music in the European style (eg. Waltzing Matilda), Aboriginal Australian music, Australian classical music, and Australian Jazz








In this section of FUSION I am going to concentrate on CALYPSO


Origin of Calypso




Calypso rhythms can be traced back to the arrival of the first African slaves brought to work in the sugar plantations of Trinidad. Forbidden to talk to each other, and robbed of all links to family and home, the African slaves began to sing songs. They used calypso, which can be traced back to West African kaiso, as a means of communication and to mock the slave masters.

The Golden Age of Calypso


The year 1914 was a landmark year in the history of calypso. This is the year that the first calypso recording was made. The late 1920s gave birth to the first calypso tents. Originally, calypso tents were actual tents where calypsonians would practice before Carnival. Today calypso tents are showcases for the new music of Carnival season.


By the late 1930s, exceptional calypsonians such as Atilla the Hun, Lord Invader and the Roaring Lion were making an indelible impression on the calypso music world. Lord Kitchener rose to prominence in the 1940s and dominated the calypso scene until the late 1970s. Lord Kitchener continued to make memorable hits until his death in 2001.




In 1944, the Andrews Sisters (an American trio) did a cover version of Lord Invader's hit Rum and Coca Cola. Since then the United States and the rest of the world has identified calypso with the Caribbean.
In 1956, Harry Belafonte recorded his Calypso album containing
the famous Banana Boat Song ("Day-O") - probably the most
internationally well known calypso song. His Calypso album also
became the first album ever to sell over one million copies. This was
also the year the Mighty Sparrow burst onto the scene and took the
calypso world by storm with his legendary hit Jean and Dinah.




Jean and Dinah, which celebrated the departure of US troops from Trinidad, ushered in a new era of politically charged calypso. This politicized form of calypso, allying itself with the People's National Movement (PNM) party, facilitated Trinidad's independence from Britain in 1962. Socially and politically conscious calypso has had a major influence on many of Trinidad's most important social and political movements.


Together with Lord Kitchener, Mighty Sparrow dominated the calypso scene until the late 1970s. The Mighty Sparrow has continued to record and to date has produced some 90 albums. The National Carnival Commission (NCC) declared Carnival 2001 as "The Sparrow Carnival" in honor of his contributions. Also, the Caribbean Community (CARICOM) has awarded the Mighty Sparrow with the Caribbean's highest award, the Order of the Caribbean, for outstanding contribution to the development of the region.


Calypso typically involves social commentary, oftentimes laced with humorous satire on current events. Calypso is the voice of social conscience. However, not all calypsos are socially conscious calypso has always had its risqué side too.


Most of the top calypsonians from the golden age have been male; The Growling Tiger, Lord Executor and Lord Pretender, just to name a few. However, the 1960s saw the rise of Calypso Rose, the undisputed "Queen of Calypso." Over the years, Calypso Rose has written and performed songs with themes ranging from political commentaries to party songs, and has won numerous awards. Her 1996 hit Fire In Me Wire has become a calypso anthem. Calypso Rose has managed to excel in this otherwise male dominated genre



Decline of Calypso


The 1970s saw a decline in the popularity of calypso due to outside musical influences. Jamaican reggae made its presence known as did disco and R&B from the US. Musical fusions were bound to happen. As a result, the 1970s gave birth to a more uptempo, less socially conscious version of calypso called soca. While calypso is the voice of social conscience, soca is party music. Rapso, with its calypso style lyrics and rhythms influenced by American hip-hop has also become popular. Other styles such as soca-chutney and ringbang give listeners even more musical choices.


Does this mean that calypso is a dying musical form? On the contrary, contemporary calypsonians such as David Rudder have very successfully combined calypso lyrics with dance rhythms - making the music accessible to a larger audience. There's also the annual resurgence of calypso at Carnival time lets us know that calypso is very much alive and vibrant with a bright future.Calypso is enjoying a re-birth in the Caribbean and has even reached the shores of the United States, Europe and most of the African nations. Bright young stars have had their hidden talents revealed through the resurgance of calypso which has now been renamed as Soca or kaiso. This form of calypso has a more up tempo beat with very expletive lyrics..........some of it is not for the faint hearted.


What is noticeable is the great number of young women who are most graphical in directing their lyrical insults towards men. With such names as Lady Saw, you would not expect "Ave Maria"





A sample of the old versus the new..........

The Old

The Might Sparrow - Congo Man
http://youtube.com/watch?v=iocPpL_5Q7Y

Lord Kitchener Kaka Roach
http://youtube.com/watch?v=9IonjD2PT-M

Mighty Sparrow - Big Bamboo
http://youtube.com/watch?v=7VRWTJLN4YA&mode=related&search=


The New

Here for you is a selection of soca, kaiso and dance hall favourites, with dance moves to match.

Lady Saw ( clean version) Man is the least
http://youtube.com/watch?v=YGh-eHahBb4

Destra - Carnival
http://youtube.com/watch?v=cRZlEEVVCxE&mode=related&search=

Alison Hinds - Roll it

http://youtube.com/watch?v=rt2qnBbPaH0

Calypso Fusion

Nippy Noya & Peter York - Collapso Calypso
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sn_C0oJ2fcg&mode=related&search=

A taste of steel drums

Shttp://youtube.com/watch?v=6ggMqVqo5V0&mode=related&search=teel drums of St.Lucia


Kenny Williams - Paul's Simon's Late in the evening
http://youtube.com/watch?v=tsj1DsLEuPA

Hope you've enjoyed the musical tour of the Caribbean, and if it isn't sunny where you are.......................just watch and listen to the sunny sounds of the steel drums.
_________________
Tears that I shed are the trail to bring you home.

[BonnyMiss]

Hello TuneLand,





I'm continuning the magical journey of FUSION with a highlight on the origins of reggae music.

Reggae, is a genre of contemporary Caribbean music developed in Jamaica in the late 1960s, it is one of the most influential styles of world popular music The style, often associated with political protest, combined elements of Jamaican folk music with American rhythm-and-blues music (R&B). The term reggae is of uncertain origin, but may come from the Jamaican word for “ragged man” or common person.


Reggae has its roots in Jamaican musical styles such as mento (Mento was crucial in the formation of ska and reggae, yet, for the world-wide masses of ska and reggae fans, mento is largely unheard and unknown).
The origins can be traced to the 1940s and the emergence of mento, a hybrid folk-song genre that combines African-related folk music traditions with calypso, the national music of Trinidad. Mento features rhythmic, syncopated guitar strumming and lively, topical lyrics. In the 1950s Jamaican musicians began to experiment with drum and bass patterns, inspired by the R&B broadcast by radio stations in the United States.Reggae is always played in 4/4 time or swing time because the symmetrical rhythm pattern does not lend itself to other time signatures such as 3/4 time. Harmonically, the music is often very simple, and sometimes a whole song will have no more than one or two chords. The Bob Marley and the Wailers song "Exodus" is almost entirely comprised of A-minor chords. These simple repetitious chord structures add to the hypnotic effect that reggae sometimes has.



However, Marley also wrote more complex chord structures, and the band Steel Pulse have often used very complex chord structures. Horn sections are frequently used in reggae, often playing introductions and counter-melodies. Instruments included in a typical reggae horn section include saxophone, trumpet and/or trombone. In more recent times, real horns are sometimes replaced in reggae by synthesizers or recorded samples. The horn section is often arranged around the first horn playing a simple melody or counter melody. The first horn is usually accompanied by the second horn playing the same melodic phrase in unision, one octave higher. The third horn usually plays the melody an octave and a fifth higher than the first horn. The horns are generally played fairly softly, which usually results in a soothing sound. However, sometimes punchier louder phrases are played for a more uptempo and aggressive sound.



By the 1960s R&B and mento had fused into an upbeat style of dance music known as ska. Influenced by American jazz, ska was predominantly instrumental. Rhythmically it stressed the second and fourth beats of a measure. One of the most prominent ska groups was the Skatalites, who were led by trombonist Don Drummond. Ska was popularized in the communities by sound systems, vans equipped with record turntables that traveled the slums of the Jamaican capital of Kingston, playing the latest hit recordings.


http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VJW9YF78n_M

prince buster & the determinations - al capone
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GB6tcmFh1Fo




By the mid-1960s a mellower version of ska, known as rock steady, became the more popular form. In contrast to ska, the sparse, slower rhythms of rock steady allowed the vocalist to play a greater role. This encouraged the formation of a number of Jamaican pop vocal groups. Rock steady also put more emphasis on the bass lines, and its song lyrics reflected a growing awareness of injustice. Soon rock steady was combined with traditional mento rhythms to produce reggae music. “Do the Reggay” (1968) by Toots and the Maytals was one of the earliest appearances of the term in a song. Reggae inverted traditional rock music by allowing the guitar to handle much of the rhythmic emphasis, often playing chords on the off beat while the bass laid down melodic patterns. Jamaican singer Jimmy Cliff became the first reggae performer to achieve international popularity, largely because of his lead role in the motion picture The Harder They Come (1973), for which he also performed the title song. The film featured a powerful reggae soundtrack.


The Harder They Come - Jimmy Cliff
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xGE4dnrPPZQ


Bob Marley, one of the most prolific and influential reggae artists, was the next to rise to international popularity, and he eventually became reggae’s biggest star. The Jamaican singer, songwriter, and guitarist combined soulful melodies with strident lyrics that were informed by the Biblical mysticism and Afro-Caribbean awareness of the Rastafarian religion. During the 1970s, Marley and many other Jamaican musicians sang about black unification and liberation while advocating the smoking of ganja (marijuana) as a religious sacrament. Marley and prominent members of his band the Wailers, such as Peter Tosh and Bunny Livingston, openly embraced the “rebel” image that their music acquired over time. Marley gained mainstream recognition with his 1975 album Natty Dread. By the time of his death from cancer in 1981, Marley and the Wailers had won worldwide respect for their highly melodic, spiritually moving, and politically militant pop songs.





Bob Marley - Stir it up
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nlk9Sj4Ns2k


The sound of reggae was reinvented during the 1970s by studio producers such as Lee Perry and King Tubby, who used echo, fade, and multitrack effects to create a sound known as dub. With the vocals removed from tracks of dance songs, prominent Jamaican disk jockeys (DJs) such as U Roy and I Roy began talking over the music, a technique known as toasting. Dub and toasting were later transplanted to New York City, where they formed the basis for the development of hip-hop and rap music in the 1980s.

Reggae has undergone numerous transformations through the years, as reggae musicians have added various influences and other popular musicians have appropriated the style. In the latter part of the 1970s vocal groups such as Culture and the Abyssinians added rich harmonies and religious meditations to reggae. Singer Gregory Isaacs became highly popular in the 1980s by bringing a crooning style to the genre. An electronic, techno-pop-based variation of reggae, known as raggamuffin or ragga, emerged with the song “Under Me Sleng Teng” (1985), which was produced by King Jammy. The British band UB40 has been a successful advocate of pop-reggae, topping the Billboard magazine popular music charts with the song “Red Red Wine” in 1988. The raw DJ style of Jamaican performer Shabba Ranks earned him consecutive Grammy Awards in 1991 and 1992. In the 1990s American rock bands such as No Doubt revived the ska style. Many other popular artists have been or continue to be influenced by the rhythms of reggae, including British musicians the Beatles, Eric Clapton, and the Police (see Sting), and American musicians Paul Simon and Stevie Wonder.






The 70’s were the most creative decade in Jamaica’s musical history, as rocksteady mutated into the more bass driven and political Reggae music.

At the centre of this sound was Roots, a ‘conscious’ political form of reggae. Rivalling this in local popularity was the work of vocal DJs or toasters. Out of the need to create instrumental ‘versions’ for toasters came Dub, featuring spacious soundscapes of rhythm and bass and reverb.

The UK had always been a big market for Jamaican music, and in the mid 70s developed its own, hybrid of the form – Lovers Rock.

In the 80s the culture of DJing developed into Dancehall, featuring harsher, faster rhythms, usually accompanied by explicit lyrics. In the 90s this mutated into the more hip-hop influenced Ragga and Bashment sounds. But it wasn’t all about slackness – dancehall had its pop practitioners, and – as the 90s progressed – a more cultural and lyrically conscious offshoot developed, realigning itself to traditional Rastafarian values.






Musical Styles and spin - offs

Roots reggae was increasingly popular with the UK's black working class youth from the 1970s onwards, its message of rastafari and overcoming injustice striking a chord with those on the receiving end of racism and poverty. Jamaicans who had settled in the UK (and their children who had been born here) were instrumental in setting up a network of reggae soundsystems. The most popular soundsystems included Jah Shaka, Coxsone Outernational, Fatman, Jah Tubbys and Quaker City.

A number of producers such as Dennis Bovell and Mad Professor began to record UK and Jamaican artists and release their records.

Bands such as Aswad, Steel Pulse and Misty In Roots released records and played gigs throughout the UK.

As roots music's popularity waned in Jamaica in the 1980s, soundsystems such as Jah Shaka kept the faith in the UK, influencing a new generation of producers, soundsystems and artists such as The Disciples, Iration Steppas, Jah Warrior and The Rootsman. This scene has been referred to as "UK Dub".

The 1990s saw a resurgence of interest in 70s roots reggae and dub with a number of UK-based specialist labels such as Pressure Sounds, Soul Jazz and Blood & Fire being set up to re-release classic recordings.







The toasting style first used by 1960s Jamaican artists such as U-Roy and Dennis Alcapone influenced Jamaican DJ Kool Herc, who used the style to pioneer a new genre that became known as hip hop or rap. In Jamaica, the term Deejay or DJ is equivalent to the rapper or MC in American hip hop culture, while it is the selector who actually mans the turntables. Mixing techniques employed in dub music have influenced hip hop and drum and bass.

The dancehall genre developed around 1980, with exponents such as Yellowman, Super Cat and Shabba Ranks. The style is characterized by a deejay singing and rapping or toasting over raw and fast rhythms. Ragga (also known as raggamuffin), is a subgenre of dancehall, in which the instrumentation primarily consists of electronic music and sampling. Reggaeton is a form of dance music that first became popular with Latino youths in the early 1990s. It blends reggae and dancehall with Latin American genres such as bomba and plena, as well with hip hop.

Reg hop is a fusion of reggae, dancehall and hip hop. Reg hop takes the sounds of hip hop and the flow of dancehall. Examples of reg hop artists include Vybz Kartel, Aidonia, Assasin and Busy Signal. This style has been around since the late 1980s in the streets of New York City. Popular dancehall artists such as Mad Lion, Ini Kamoze, Apache Indian, Shinehead, Buju Banton, Beenie Man, Bounty Killer, Spragga Benz, Tanya Stephens and Shabba Ranks have performed and recorded some reg hop songs that were labelled as dancehall.

Reggae rock is a fusion genre that combines elements of reggae and rock music. The singer Matisyahu is known for blending traditional Jewish themes with reggae and rock sounds. Billboard magazine named him "Top Reggae Artist" of 2006.


Sizzla - Thank U Mama
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UXK0PU2ba9A


Sizzla Ft.Rihanna
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qdLA3xn5X7s&mode=related&search=

Frankie Paul
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3maMPhz6GnI

Lucky Dube - War And Crime (Live)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZkQJTerCRlo&NR=1


Apologies TuneLand, I have had to cut this article short...... having a few issues with my computer, it crashed and I'm still not up to speed.I will continue as soon as it is possible to work without interruption.

Bonny.
_________________
Tears that I shed are the trail to bring you home.

[Matt Marquardt]

Hi Bonny,

Very interesting, as usual. Just thought I'd add my favorite "flavor" into the mix, if I may.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oIyKYbceZ2A&mode=related&search=

"Skindred is a four-piece band from Newport, South Wales, UK. Their genre is a mix of metal, punk, hip hop, reggae, and ragga known as Ragga-punk by the band and fans alike."
_________________
Matt Marquardt

[BonnyMiss]

Hi Matt,

Love it, what do you think to "Babylon ?"

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y9etxfAPpj0&mode=related&search=


Whilst I'm here, tell me what you think of these guys.............

2 Tribes - Back To Love
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WJhFppCirY4

Love your inputs, keep them coming

Bonny
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Tears that I shed are the trail to bring you home.